Protein Dynamics and Enzymatic Catalysis: Investigating the Peptidyl−Prolyl Cis−Trans Isomerization Activity of Cyclophilin A

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Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a connection between protein dynamics and enzymatic catalysis. In this paper, we present a variety of computational studies designed to investigate the role of protein dynamics in the detailed mechanism of peptidyl−prolyl cis−trans isomerization catalyzed by human cyclophilin A. The results identify a network of protein vibrations, extending from surface regions of the enzyme to the active site and coupled to substrate turnover. Indications are that this network may have a role in promoting catalysis. Crucial parts of this network are found to be conserved in 10 cyclophilin structures from six different species. Experimental evidence for the existence of this network comes from previous NMR relaxation studies, where motions in several residues, forming parts of this network, were detected only during substrate turnover. The high temperature factors (from X-ray crystal structures) associated with the network residues provide further evidence of these vibrations. Along with the knowledge of enzyme structure, this type of network could provide new insights into enzymatic catalysis and the effect of distant ligand binding on protein function. The procedure outlined in this paper is general and can be applied to other enzymatic systems as well. This presents an interesting opportunity; collaborative experimental and theoretical investigations designed to characterize in detail the nature and function of this type of network could enhance the understanding of protein dynamics in enzymatic catalysis.