7—Defective Drafting Arising from Imperfections in Front Rollers of Mules and Ring Frames

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Abstract
Movement of the roller nip is identified as the primary mechanical cause of irregular drafting with defective front rollers of mules and ring frames. The causes of nip movement are discussed and analysed in terms of roller eccentricity, varying compressibility of the roller covering material, interaction between arbor and boss giving rise to varying compression of the roller covering under changing load, and of some miscellaneous causes which do not readily fit this classification. Since these factors frequently operate simultaneously for the majority of rollers clothed with the conventional flannel and leather covering, the behaviour to be anticipated in drafting is complex. The present treatment should be regarded as exploratory rather than quantitative, although an attempt is made to assess the relative importance of the Separate causes for one particular size of ring roller. The types of roller dealt with include fast- and loose-boss rollers, drafting both single and multiple ends and covered in flannel and leather, although brief reference is made to the possible application of synthetic coverings to reduce defects arising in drafting. The amplitude of thickness variation produced in yarn spun with faulty rollers is independent of hank of roving and cotton, but depends on draft, and the subject therefore gains added importance from the modern tendency to use high drafts.

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