The Effect of Venous Incompetence and Arterial Insufficiency on Erectile Function: An Animal Model

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Abstract
We designed an animal model to elucidate the effect of venous leakage and arterial insufficiency on erectile function. In 10 dogs, electrodes were implanted around the cavernous nerves for electroerection and blood flow in the internal pudendal artery was recorded. Venous leakage was mimicked by inserting needles of varying gauges (30 to 16G) into the corpus cavernosum and the erectile response to neurostimulation was recorded before and after the creation of the leak. The relationship between the size and the amount of the venous leakage, the changes in the intracavernous pressure (peak and drop), and the changes in the peak and maintenance arterial blood flow were documented. Arterial blood flow was then reduced by 25 and 50 per cent by means of a screw clamp on the terminal aorta. The erectile response to neurostimulation was again determined, with the same electrical parameters, first with reduced blood flow alone, then in combination with leakage of varying size. Our results showed that minor cavernous vein leakage in the presence of normal arterial flow and a healthy sinusoidal system had a minimal effect on erectile function owing to a compensatory increase in penile blood flow. However, when reduction of arterial blood flow was superimposed on venous leakage, even of a minor degree, the erectile response to neurostimulation was markedly impaired.