Studies on the isthmus region of the domestic fowl

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Abstract
1. The isthmus extends from the aglandular zone, which delimits it from the magnum, to the tubular shell gland, which to the naked eye is marked by a distinct colour change from off‐white to brown. 2. The surface epithelium comprises three cell types, ciliated, non‐ciliated and mitochondrial, of which only the non‐ciliated cells contribute towards the carbohydrate moiety of the shell membranes. 3. The gland cells are distinctive, containing granules of variable electron density, variations also occurring within individual granules. 4. Although two types of gland cell have been observed, they may merely represent different phases of development. 5. In the type 1 cell, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex are typical of the normal protein secreting cell; in the type 2 cell the RER is sparse, dilated and filled with intracisternal granules while the Golgi complex is likewise distended.