The campaign for mental hygiene has been vigorously conducted for the last decade. By this time, it should be possible for every interested physician to formulate an opinion about the movement and to adjust himself to it. This adjustment should be particularly easy if the repeated statement that mental disease is like tuberculosis is valid. The pediatrician, of all physicians, should decide on his attitude, and it is from the point of view of the pediatrician that I have written this article. Pediatricians like to think of themselves as general practitioners who supervise humanity during the period of growth. On the whole, they have looked with a good deal of approval on the vigorous generation which is now taking control of the world. In a way, the young adults of the present are their first-born, since pediatrics as a recognized specialty is only about 30 years old. The young people