From Coal Mine Dust To Quartz: Mechanisms of Pulmonary Pathogenicity

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Abstract
Exposure to coal mine dust or crystalline silica can result in the initiation and progression of interstitial lung disease. Pathogenesis is the consequence of damage to lung cells and resulting lung scarring associated with activation of fibrotic processes. This review presents the radiologic and histologic characteristics of simple and complicated coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) as well as pathological indices of acute and chronic silicosis. This presentation also reviews the results of in vitro, animal, and human investigations that elucidate mechanisms involved in the development of these pneumoconioses. Results support the involvement of four basic mechanisms in the etiology of CWP and silicosis: In conclusion, results of in vitro and animal studies have provided the basis for proposing mechanisms that may lead to the initiation and progression of CWP and silicosis. Data obtained from exposed workers has lent support to these proposals. The mechanistic understanding obtained for the development of CWP and silicosis should be useful in elucidating the possible pathogenicity of other inhaled particles.

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