Detection of visual change

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Abstract
How do we detect changes in our visual environment? By continuously comparing visual inputs to templates of experiences in the immediate past? Or by determining their rareness, how infrequently a visual event occurred previously? Recent results from event-related potentials have been interpreted in favour of the first hypothesis, as in the case of the auditory mismatch negativity. Here we demonstrate that rareness, rather than mismatch with a template, underlies visual change detection. Such rareness is detected through a dedicated mechanism in human visual cortex about 100 ms after the rare event occurs, reflected in the rareness-related negativity (RRN).