Prospective evaluation of high-dose bethanechol in investigation of esophageal chest pain

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Abstract
We compared the value of bethanechol 80 μg/kg subcutaneously, acid infusion with a 0.1 normal hydrochloric acid, and edrophonium 80 μg/kg intravenously as provocative agents to reproduce chest pain and manometric alterations in 72 patients with noncardiac chest pain. No patient developed typical chest pain and manometric alteration with acid infusion, while five (6.9%) patients developed these changes with edrophonium and four (5.6%) with bethanechol. Only one patient developed diagnostic changes exclusively with bethanechol. All patients tested with bethanechol developed some degree of local pain or significant cholinergic symptoms, with two patients requiring atropine for relief. Side effects from edrophonium were infrequent (28% of patients tested) and did not require atropine administration. We conclude that, using the parameters of typical chest pain and the development of manometric alterations as proof of the esophageal origin of chest pain, bethanechol at 80 μg/kg adds little information beyond that obtainable with edrophonium. Further, the high incidence of bethanechol-related side effects at 80 μg/kg suggests that this dose should not be generally recommended.