Water in Biological Systems

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Abstract
IN this paper we marshal the facts that are available on the properties of water molecules found in cellular and subcellular materials. We begin with a consideration of the properties of water molecules as found in pure liquid water, proceed to the properties of water molecules in protein solutions and then treat water molecules in cells and tissues. Our final section discusses the application of measurements on water to questions of biomedical interest.Properties of Water Molecules in Pure Liquid Water1 EnergeticsTo remove a water molecule from the pure liquid at 25°C takes approximately 10.5 kcal per mole of . . .