A Delta Built by Ice Rafting in Outflow from a Glacial Lake

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Abstract
A delta-shaped deposit 37 m wide, 50 m long and 6 m high is described. It has formed from sediment rafted to the outlet of ice-dammed Ape Lake, British Columbia by ice bergs calved from the damming glacier. They drift the length of the lake where they become grounded and trapped in outflowing waters. Sediment in the bergs is released as they melt and accumulates at an estimated rate of 1.5 m3/annum. The resulting form is composed of poorly stratified diamiction capped by an armoured, gravel surface. Except in the armour, gravel sized particles are angular and have striated surfaces. If these deltas are recognised in ancient glaciolacustrine environments, they would provide edvidence of the presence of calving glaciers and the significance of ice rafting.

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