Biosynthesis of Pyoluteorin: A Mixed Polyketide-Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Origin Demonstrated by [1,2-13C2]Acetate Incorporation

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Abstract
The incorporation of [1,2-13C2]acetate into the bacterial phytotoxin pyoluteorin (1) as determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy occurs in a pattern consistent with the biosynthesis of the molecule as a tetraketide in which proline, or an equivalent precursor derived from the TCA cycle, serves as the starter unit.