Linear scaling electronic structure methods
- 1 July 1999
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Reviews of Modern Physics
- Vol. 71 (4) , 1085-1123
- https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.71.1085
Abstract
Methods exhibiting linear scaling with respect to the size of the system, the so-called O(N) methods, are an essential tool for the calculation of the electronic structure of large systems containing many atoms. They are based on algorithms that take advantage of the decay properties of the density matrix. In this article the physical decay properties of the density matrix will first be studied for both metals and insulators. Several strategies for constructing O(N) algorithms will then be presented and critically examined. Some issues that are relevant only for self-consistent O(N) methods, such as the calculation of the Hartree potential and mixing issues, will also be discussed. Finally some typical applications of O(N) methods are briefly described.Keywords
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