Strain-Ecotype Specificity in Sinorhizobium meliloti - Medicago truncatula Symbiosis Is Correlated to Succinoglycan Oligosaccharide Structure

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Abstract
Molecular signals, including Nod factors and succinoglycan, are necessary for the establishment of nitrogen-fixing nodules (Fix + ) in Medicago truncatula - Sinorhizobium meliloti symbiosis. This report shows that M. truncatula - S. meliloti interactions involve ecotype-strain specificity, as S. meliloti Rm41 and NRG247 are Fix + (compatible) on M. truncatula A20 and Fix − (incompatible) on M. truncatula A17, the Fix phenotypes are reversed with S. meliloti NRG185 and NRG34, and there is a correlation between the host specificity and succinoglycan oligosaccharide structure. S. meliloti NRG185 produces oligosaccharides that are almost fully succinylated, with two succinate groups per subunit, whereas the oligosaccharides produced by S. meliloti Rm41 include many nonsuccinylated subunits, as well as subunits with a single succinate group and others with malate. The results of this study demonstrated the following: (i) incompatibility is not a consequence of an avirulence factor or lack of Nod factor activity; (ii) the Fix + phenotypes are succinoglycan dependent; (iii) there is structural variability in the succinoglycan oligosaccharide populations between S. meliloti strains; (iv) the structural nature of the succinoglycan oligosaccharides is correlated to compatibility; most importantly, (v) an S. meliloti Rm41 derivative, carrying exo genes from an M. truncatula A17-compatible strain, produced a modified population of succinoglycan oligosaccharides (similar to the donor strain) and was Fix + on A17.

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