Bacterial Pathogens Involved in the Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome of Fish in Southeast Asia

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Abstract
The epizootic ulcerative syndrome, involving both cultured and wild fish in Burma, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand, was associated with bacterial pathogens, primarily Aeromonas hydrophila, occasionally Pseudomonas sp. All species of afflicted fish exhibited similar clinical signs and initially were characterized by the appearance of raised areas of induration and erythema. Subsequent skin erosion resulted in the formation of ulcerative lesions on the body. Aeromonas hydrophila was generally highly sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole. Because A. hydrophila usually is involved in secondary infections and was not widespread in the tissues of affected fish, it seems unlikely that primary bacterial infection with A. hydrophila is the cause of ulcerative syndrome.

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