Structure‐activity studies on the vasoactive intestinal peptide pharmacophore

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Abstract
From previous work, the primary functional groups, i.e. side chains, of the vasoactive intestinal peptide which are responsible for interaction with the VIP receptor have been identified. One of these sites, the side chain of tyrosine22 is essential for high receptor affinity. The present work aims to examine this site in greater detail. Several Boc-substituted-phenylalanine derivatives were prepared and incorporated into VIP analogs as replacement for tyrosine22. These analogs, of the form Ac-[Lys12,Nle17,X22,Val26,Thr28]-VIP, were assayed as smooth muscle relaxants and found to be full agonists of native VIP. Most of the analogs, however, proved to be less potent than the parent analog by up to 300-fold. A few analogs, all possessing electron-donating substituents, retained nearly full potency. Two compounds, 3-F,4-OH-Phe, 42 and 3-OCH3,4-OH-Phe, 43, were found to be 1.5- and 3.4-fold more potent than the parent compound, which equates to being 8.9- and 20-fold more potent than native VIP. Compound 43 was also found to be active as a bronchodilator in vivo in guinea pigs, with slightly over 2-fold enhanced potency and a significantly longer duration of action (> 20 min) when compared to the parent compound (5 min). The physical characteristics of the various substituents and their effect on biological activity are discussed with a brief analysis by QSAR techniques.