Morphology of the Presumed Male Pheromone Glands on the Forewings of Tortricid1 and Phycitid2 Moths

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Abstract
The morphology and histology of the male scent glands of tortricid and phycitid moths, consisting of a costal fold on the forewing, are described and compared. The tortricid species studied were Archips argyrospilus (Walker), A. mortuanus Kearfoot, A. rosanus (L.), A. cerasivoranus (Fitch), and Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). The phycitids were Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), Vitula edmandsae (Packard), and Cadra cautella (Walker). Although the tortricid glands fold dorsally and the phycitid glands ventrally, their morphology and histology are quite similar. The folds contain 1 or 2 hairpencil tufts (scent brushes) which, in the closed fold, are in intimate contact with a modified glandular scale tract. The glandular cells into which the latter scales insert are generally large with a prominent nucleus, an apical cytoplasmic reservoir with indications of a microvillous border, and sometimes a cuticular extension of the scale base into the reservoir. The cells at the base of the hairpencils are atrophied except in V. edmandsae where they appear glandular and, thus, may be secretory. The folds of V. edmandsae and P. interpunctella also have a patch of bristle-like scales and associated glandular cells. These bristles are not found in any of the other species and their function is unknown. The fold of C. cautella lacks glandular tissue and that of C. rosaceana is rudimentary lacking hairpencils and glandular cells. These folds are probably nonfunctional in terms of releasing a male scent. The distribution of scent scales in the Tortricidae is discussed.