Effect of Focal size, shape and Tructure on the Roentgenographic Representation of Small-Calibre Metal Objects

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Abstract
A sufficiently roentgen-opaque object of subfocal size can be visualized only with the aid of its penumbra. This operation obeys the rules applying to pinhole aperture photography as to focus, the roentgen image consequently being directly influenced by size, shape and structure of the latter. A general formula for penumbral width is given as well as one for the special laws of magnification that must be followed in producing roentgen images of objects smaller than the focus. The question of which distance relationships and which combinations of focal and object size produce a true image of the object or a more or less exact image of the focus, is the subject of an elementary mathematical analysis, which also is applied to pinhole aperture photography of the focus.

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