Experimental observation of scarred eigenfunctions of chaotic microwave cavities

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Abstract
The wave functions of Sinai-billiard-shaped microwave cavities are experimentally studied. Some of the general features observed are parity breaking in the lowest eigenstates, ‘‘bouncing-ball’’ states, and states with quasirectangular or quasicircular symmetry. The above features are associated with nonisolated periodic orbits. Some states are observed which can be associated with isolated periodic orbits, leading to scars. This work represents the first direct experimental observation of scarred eigenfunctions. At high frequencies the eigenfunctions are very complex, and are yet to be classified in a general scheme.