Influence of Space Charge on the Potential Distribution in Mass Spectrometer Ion Sources

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Abstract
The role of space charge as a factor influencing the potentials and potential gradients in a mass spectrometer ion source of the electron bombardment type is calculated. Planar equipotential surfaces are assumed, and the analysis then becomes that of a plane parallel positive ion diode. The ``cathode'' of the ion diode may be either emission‐limited or space‐charged‐limited. The analysis considers the charge of the electrons in the ionizing sheet and the charge of the positive ions in the diode. At a critical gas pressure the influences of the positive and negative charges on the potential of the ionizing region are equal and opposite, for small ionizing current. This concept leads to a pressure normalization in terms of the critical pressure. For a given source geometry and electron bombarding energy one can construct universal curves which give the potentials and the potential gradients as a function of the normalized gas pressure and the ratio of the ionizing electron current density to the repeller voltage. Experimental data are in agreement with the predictions of the theory.