Wound Healing of the Nasal and Paranasal Mucosa: A Review

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Abstract
Background: Wound healing is a highly coordinated process involving clot formation, inflammatory reaction, immune response, and, finally, tissue remodeling and maturation. Only few data regarding the specific healing of the nasal or sinusal mucosa are available. Methods: After a short summary of the general principles of wound healing, the most important data regarding in vitro or in vivo models of wound healing of the nasal and paranasal mucosa are discussed. Attention is paid to clinical application. Main Findings: First observations regarding the specific regulation of epithelial regeneration by growth factors have underlined the complex relationship between extracellular matrix and epithelium during the repair process. However, only poor and aspecific correlations can be described between endoscopically and histomorphologically defined postoperative phases.