The transcription factor Egr1 is a direct regulator of multiple tumor suppressors including TGFβ1, PTEN, p53, and fibronectin

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Abstract
Recent studies are reviewed indicating that the transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr1) is a direct regulator of multiple tumor suppressors including TGFβ1, PTEN, p53, and fibronectin. The downstream pathways of these factors display multiple nodes of interaction with each other, suggesting the existence of a functional network of suppressor factors that serve to maintain normal growth regulation and resist the emergence of transformed variants. Paradoxically, Egr1 is oncogenic in prostate cancer. In the majority of these cancers, PTEN or p53 is inactive. It is suggested that these defects in the suppressor network allow for the unopposed induction of TGFβ1 and fibronectin, which favor transformation and survival of prostate tumor epithelial cells, and explain the role of Egr1 in prostate cancer. Egr1 is a novel and logical target for intervention by gene therapy methods, and targeting methods are discussed.