Vibrio furnissii (formerly aerogenic biogroup of Vibrio fluvialis), a new species isolated from human feces and the environment

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Abstract
Strains formerly classified as the aerogenic (gas-producing) biogroup of V. fluvialis were shown by DNA relatedness to be a separate species. The species was named V. furnissii sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 35016 = CDC B3215). Three strains of V. furnissii were 79% or more related to the type strain of V. furnissii and .apprx. 50% related to the type strain of V. fluvialis. V. fluvialis strains were 40-64% related to the type strain of V. furnissii. Divergence in related sequences was only 0.0-1.5% among strains of V. furnissii and among strains of V. fluvialis but was 5.0-8.0% in interspecific reactions between V. fluvialis and V.furnissii. V. furnissii was aerogenic (produced gas from the fermentation of carbohydrates), whereas V. fluvialis was anaerogenic (did not produce gas from the fermentation of carbohydrates). Another test of some help in differentiating the 2 spp. was fermentation of L-rhamnose (57% positive for V. furnissii and negative for V. fluvialis). In addition to the reactions above, V. furnissii is distinguished from other salt-requiring vibrios on the basis of its positive reactions in tests for Moller L-arginine, L-arabinose, maltose and D-mannitol and its negative reactions for Moller L-lysine and L-ornithine, lactose and Voges-Proskauer. V. furnissii was isolated from patients with acute gastroenteritis in at least 2 outbreaks of food poisoning; its role as a cause of diarrhea needs further study.