Fenoxaprop Combined with Preemergence Herbicides for Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control in Turf

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Abstract
Fenoxaprop is an effective postemergence herbicide for summer annual grass weed control in cool-season turfgrasses. Following emergence of smooth crabgrass [Digitarla ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl.] and goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.], fenoxaprop was applied alone or in combination with one of several preemergence herbicides. The objective of these field studies was to determine whether these herbicide combinations would provide both effective postemergence control of smooth crabgrass and goosegrass, as well as subsequent preemergence control of annual grass weed seed germinating thereafter. When fenoxaprop was applied alone in June or July to smooth crabgrass, the level of control ranged from poor (40%) to excellent (99%), depending on herbicide rate and timing of application. Smooth crabgrass control was erratic where plants had more than four tillers, particularly on a droughty site. When fenoxaprop (0.17, 0.20, or 0.39 kg·ha–1) was applied in combination with bensulide, benefin, DCPA, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, or prodiamine, excellent (90% to 100%) season-long smooth crabgrass control was achieved. Fenoxaprop + preemergence herbicide combinations exhibited complementary action, particularly in tank mixes applied to tillered smooth crabgrass. Fenoxaprop applied alone controlled goosegrass (two-leaf to three-tiller stage), but goosegrass reinfested treated plots from seed germinating after the herbicide application. When fenoxaprop (0.20 kg·ha–1) was applied with oxadiazon (2.2 kg·ha–1) to nontillered goosegrass, exceptional (99%) season-long goose-grass control was achieved. Chemical names used: (±)-ethyl 2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyl)oxy]phenoxy] propanoate (fenoxaprop); N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethyl)benzenamine (benefin); O,O-bis(l-methylethyl)-S-[2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl]phosphorodithioate (bensulide); dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (DCPA); 3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine (pendimethalin); 2,6-dinitro-N1,N1,-dipropyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzenediamine (prodiamine).

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