Polyethylene-based Water- and Bone-equivalent Materials for Calibration Phantoms in Quantitative Computed Tomography - Ein Kalibrierphantom für die quantitative Computertomographie aus wasser- und knochenäquivalentem Material

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Abstract
Polyethylene-based water- and bone-equivalent plastics for calibration phantoms in quantitative computed tomography (QCT) were optimized by calculation and experimental verification. A composition of 91.3% polyethyene, 5.5% CaCO3, and 3.2% MgO (by weight) was accepted as being water-equivalent with respect to absolute value and energy dependence of the X-ray attenuation coefficient; the material was compared to other commerically available solids. Bone-eqivalent samples containing 200 mg of hydroxyapatite per ml were obtained by adding the mineral powder to the water-equivalent material. A procedure for industrial mass production of both materials was developed. A first application of these materials is given by a new QCT calibration phantom.