The adjustment of patients on chronic hemodialysis was compared to that of transplanted patients by clinical follow-up and psychological tests. It was found that patients' psychological condition is one of the factors that prompt patients to desire transplantation. In terms of rehabilitation no difference was found between the two groups. Yet, the sense of well-being of the transplanted patients was obvious in the clinical follow-ups and reflected in the retesting. The suggestion was put forward that this sense of well-being is linked to steroid effects.