Facilitation of tacrolimus-induced heart-allograft acceptability by pretransplant host treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: interleukin-12-restricted suppression of intragraft monokine mRNA expression1

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Abstract
Background. Because recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) is known to modulate function of antigen-presenting cells, we examined effects of pretransplant host treatment with rhG-CSF on allograft survival. Methods. In DA-to-Lewis rat heart transplantation, hosts were given pretransplant injections of rhG-CSF (250 μg/kg/day subcutaneously from day −5–0) and/or posttransplant injections of tacrolimus (2 mg/kg/day intramuscularly from day 0–3). Cytokine mRNA levels in grafts were measured by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results. rhG-CSF pretreatment was effective in prolonging allograft survival only in tacrolimus-treated hosts (P P <0.05) down-regulated by the addition of rhG-CSF and was associated with suppression of interferon-γ levels on day 6, although other proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor -α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor-β) were not. Conclusions. rhG-CSF pretreatment down-regulates intragraft expression of the type-1 T-helper cell (Th1)-driving cytokine IL-12 and facilitates tacrolimus-induced graft acceptance.