In Vivo Evaluation of Cysteine-Based Chelators for Attachment of 99mTc to Tumor-Targeting Affibody Molecules

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Abstract
Affibody molecules present a new class of affinity proteins, which utilizes a scaffold based on a 58-amino acid domain derived from protein A. The small (7 kDa) Affibody molecule can be selected to bind to cell-surface targets with high affinity. An Affibody molecule ZHER2:342 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 22 pM for binding to the HER2 receptor has been reported earlier. Preclinical and pilot clinical studies have demonstrated the utilityof radiolabeled ZHER2:342 in imaging of HER2-expressing tumors. The small size and cysteine-free structure ofAffibody molecules enable complete peptide synthesis and direct incorporation of radionuclide chelators. The goal of this study was to evaluate if incorporation of the natural peptide sequences cysteine-diglycine (CGG) and cysteine-triglycine (CGGG) sequences would enable labeling of Affibody molecules with 99mTc. In a model monomeric form, the chelating sequences were incorporated by peptide synthesis. The HER2-binding affinity was 280 and 250 pM for CGG-ZHER2:342 and CGGG-ZHER2:342, respectively. Conjugates were directly labeled with 99mTc with 90% efficiency and preserved the capacity to bind specifically to HER2-expressing cells. The biodistribution in normal mice showed a rapid clearance from the blood and the majority of organs (except kidneys). In the mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts, tumor uptake of 99mTc-CGG-ZHER2:342 was HER2-specific and a tumorto- blood ratio of 9.2 was obtained at 6 h postinjection. Gamma-camera imaging with 99mTc-CGG-ZHER2:342 clearly visualized tumors at 6 h postinjection. The results show that the use of a cysteine-based chelator enables 99mTclabeling of Affibody molecules for imaging