Swedish Medical Care in Transition

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Abstract
The medical-care system in Sweden is funded through a government-controlled compulsory health insurance, in effect since 1955, and supported by graduated individual taxes, fees paid by employers, and state contributions from general revenues. Physicians were remunerated by a mixed system of salary and fee-for-service, but as of 1970, most physicians are on a full-time salary, with relatively little opportunity for supplemental private practice. Medical care is provided through a hierarchic system with highly specialized regional hospitals at the apex, progressing through central hospitals, district hospitals, and health centers that provide outpatient care. Although the patient's choice of physicians is somewhat limited, the population receives efficient and rapid medical care with minimal financial constraints. For physicians, the increasing governmental control of their work threatens their status as members of an independent and select profession.

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