A network thermodynamic model of salt and water flow across the kidney proximal tubule

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Abstract
This network thermodynamic model of kidney proximal tubule epithelium treats coupled salt and water flow across each component membrane of the epithelium. We investigate the effects of various relative internal parameter values on the concentration of transepithelial flow, the concentrations in the cell and interspace, and the distribution of flows between cellular and paracellular routes. Best fit is obtaine if the apical and basolateral membrane reflection coefficients (or) are equal. The measured transepithelial filtration coefficient, Lp, is a function not only of the component Lps but also of the internal concentrations, or's, and permeabilities. For the given system topology (i.e., connectedness), parameters of component membranes must be within a narrow range to be consistent with experimental results. The dependence of the concentration of transported fluid on the balance between the solute pump rate and the transepithelial volume flow driving force is shown. This has implications for the effects of peritubular or lumen oncotic pressure on salt and water flow. With Appendix B of this paper and a user's guide for a circuit-simulation package (e.g., SPICE or PCAP) the reader can perform similar network analyses of transport models himself.