Digital and hybrid computer simulation of power systems

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Abstract
In order to meet the increasing demand for reliable design and expansion of power networks, the use of system simulation must play a leading role in the power industry's future R & D programs. Digital com puters are already widely used in the analysis and design of large power networks. Hybrid computers offer a convenient alternative, especially where fast and accurate simulation of complex nonlinearities is required. In this article, general principles are presented for the computer simulation of interconnected power systems. The technique discussed is directly applicable to an all-digital simulation, but emphasis is also placed on a hybrid implementation in which the transmission por tion of the system is represented digitally, while the integration and nonlinearities associated with termi nal apparatus are represented on the analog. Example studies are performed to illustrate the technique. Results include voltage waveforms for a three-phase line energization, and the modification of switching transients by surge arresters in a single-phase system.

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