An immunocytochemical analysis of TGFα expression in benign and malignant prostatic tumors

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Abstract
Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα) expression was analyzed immunocytochemically on formalin‐fixed wax‐embedded sections obtained from 24 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) specimens and 76 prostatic carcinoma tissues, 3 human prostatic tumor xenografts, normal kidney, and salivary gland. Low amounts of TGFα immunopositivity were encountered in the epithelium of BPH glandular tissues, whereas in the prostatic adenocarcinoma samples, a greater heterogeneity and intensity of TGFα immunostaining was observed. The most intense staining was exhibited by the least differentiated tumors, although a few of these were weakly stained. Statistical analysis of the relationship of histopathological grade of tumor with TGFα expression in the carcinomas showed a significant correlation of these parameters, 0.01 > P > 0.001. The expression of the proliferation markers Ki‐67 and PCNA was also analyzed in the carcinoma specimens, and the relationship of these to TGFα expression indicated that there was no significant correlation in this series of tumors between increased growth activity and TGFα expression (p ˜ 0.25 with both markers). The prostatic carcinoma xenografts TEN 12 and TEN 15 contained low levels of immunoreactive TGFα, which was uniformly distributed, whilst heterogeneous immunostaining was observed in the uroepithelial xenograft TEN 16. In the normal human kidney, TGFα was concentrated in the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and the collecting tubules (CT), and lower amounts were identified in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT). As in the prostatic carcinomas, the immunostaining was eliminated by prior absorption of the antibody with pure TGFα and not with human or mouse EGF. No crossreactivity of the TGFα antibody with salivary EGF was demonstrated. This study concludes that, in prostate carcinoma, the least differentiated tumors more often expressed greater amounts of immunoreactive TGFα; however, no relationship between TGFα expression and cellular proliferation markers was found.