Susceptibility to Leishmania mexicana infection is due to the inability to produce IL‐12 rather than lack of IL‐12 responsiveness

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Abstract
Almost all inbred mice are highly susceptible to parasites of the Leishmania mexicana complex that includes L. amazonensis and L. mexicana. Recent studies have reported that T cells from L. amazonensis-infected mice fail to respond to IL-12 due to impaired IL-12R expression. Here, we demonstrate that lymph node cells from L. mexicana-infected C57BL/6 and 129Sv/Ev mice respond efficiently to exogenous IL-12 in vitro and produce IFN-γ. Moreover, we also show that deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 gene in resistant STAT6–/– mice renders them susceptible to L. mexicana. These findings indicate that an inability to produce IL-12 rather than unresponsiveness to this cytokine is responsible for susceptibility to L. mexicana. Moreover, the data also demonstrate that the STAT4-mediated pathway is critical for the development of protective immunity against cutaneous leishmaniasis, regardless of the species of Leishmania and/or genetic background of the mice.