Ultrastructure of lingual salivary glands in the American chameleon: Anolis carolinensis

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Abstract
That portion of the dorsal surface of the tongue of Anolis carolinensis that is covered by plumose papillae is underlaid by a series of tubular salivary glands that open between the papillae; glands persist into the posterior zone of the tongue, where they open between cylindriform papillae. Anterior glands are serous in nature—they consist of simple columnar epithelial cells that contain abundant secretory granules exhibiting a variety of substructural patterns. The Golgi apparatus is large and of unusual appearance, with numerous closely packed terminal dilatations and condensing vacuoles. Near the posterior border of the lingual zone covered by plumose papillae, mucous cells begin to appear in the glandular epithelium. More posteriorly, the apical portions of the glands consist entirely of mucous cells, whereas the blind ends of the glands are composed of serous cells. The most posterior glands are of the pure mucous variety. The glands finally disappear a short distance posterior to the cylindriform papillae. The functions of the abundant and highly differentiated salivary glands of the Anolis tongue remain obscure.