Potentiometric Analysis and Fundamental Technique

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Abstract
The formose reaction, the calcium hydroxide-catalyzed condensation of formaldehyde to monosaccharides, was potentiometrically analyzed. The oxidation-reduction potential varied in a characteristic way and gave information of considerable importance. Some appreciable transition points in the oxidation-reduction potential curve showed satisfactorily the occurrence of a phase change such as an induction period and saccharide-forming and saccharide-decomposing stages. With regard to the fundamental operating conditions, vigorous stirring and an increase in the dissolved oxygen elongated the induction period. Furthermore, the latter diminished the yield of saccharide under the lower limit of the critical range of the calcium hydroxide concentration.