It is anticipated that this report will serve as a nucleus for stimulating meaningful studies of the biology of prostate cancer. Such studies will be essential for the control and ultimately the prevention of prostate cancer. The present focus was arrived at by consensus of an expert panel on prostate cancer. It is not the only focus and other developing areas will surely be opportune for new and creative research approaches. New concepts and novel treatments are urgently required to stem the increasing impact of prostate cancer.