Filetrability Techniques for Improving Water Clarification

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Abstract
The Philadelphia Suburban Water Company developed a method for regulating the dosage of a coagulant to obtain a zeta potential (ZP) at the optimal point of ‐5 mv. The coagulant used was aluminum sulfate, or filter alum. This article discusses this method, which until recently was followed at Philadelphia but with only limited success. The article also presents a new method for determining equivalent stirring time that departs somewhat from that used to determine the coagulant dosage for ‐5 mv ZP.