CYP2A13 Metabolizes the Substrates of Human CYP1A2, Phenacetin, and Theophylline

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Abstract
Human cytochrome CYP2A13 shows overlapping substrate specificity with CYP2A6, catalyzing the metabolism of coumarin, nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Recently, it was found that CYP2A13 could catalyze the metabolic activations of 4-aminobiphenyl and aflatoxin B1, which are known to be catalyzed by human CYP1A2. In the present study, we investigated the substrate specificity of CYP2A13. It was shown that CYP2A13 could catalyze ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, methoxyresorufin O-demethylation, and phenacetin O-deethylation, which are used as marker activities for human CYP1A2. Although the intrinsic clearances (Vmax/Km) of the two former reactions by CYP2A13 were much lower than that of CYP1A2, the value of the last reaction by CYP2A13 was 2-fold higher than that of CYP1A2. Of particular interest was that CYP2A13 has higher affinity toward phenacetin than CYP1A2. In contrast, CYP2A6 hardly catalyzed these reactions, although the amino acid identity with CYP2A13 is as high as 93.5%. Furthermore, we found that CYP2A13 can catalyze theophylline 8-hydroxylation and 3-demethylation, which are known to be mainly catalyzed by human CYP1A2, although the intrinsic clearances were approximately one-tenth that of CYP1A2. CYP2A13 would not contribute to the systemic clearance of these drugs because CYP2A13 is hardly expressed in human liver. However, it may play a role in metabolism in local tissues such as lung or trachea. In conclusion, the results of the present study could extend our understanding of the substrate specificity of CYP2A13.

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