Abstract
The procedure by which fouling is generally included in heat exchanger design originated over forty years ago. It is based on guessing a time-independent oversurfacing factor without identifying the characteristics of fluids or exchangers which promote fouling. As a result, very little has been learned about fouling and its suppression through rational exchanger design. In the present paper a time-dependent procedure is developed using classical fluid dynamics and heat-exchanger design variables. With only fragmentary information at hand it is possible to generate fouling equations for various streams under different operating conditions.

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