Can age-related deficits in spatial memory be attenuated through the use of verbal coding?

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Abstract
In a sequential mental rotation task, women of three age groups (18–28, 50–60, and 70–80) viewed semi-abstract figures which were rotated in the picture plane. To investigate the effects of verbal mediation, each figure was presented under one of four labeling conditions. Errors increased as a function of age. Meaningful labels were beneficial in decreasing errors for the older subjects. Reaction time results generally replicated earlier studies, but there were indications that some women in the oldest group might have used strategies other than mental rotation. Results suggest that possible age related deficiencies in spatial abilities may be compensated for by greater use of verbal mediation.