Haploid induction and its genetic mechanism in alloplasmic common wheat

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Abstract
The genetic mechanism of haploid induction was analyzed, using alloplasmic lines of 2 common wheats, T. aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and T. aestivum L. strain Salmon (Slm), which had the cytoplasm (a Sv type plasma) of Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. The alloplasmic line of Slm with kotschyi cytoplasm remained heterozygous as to the normal 1B chromosome and the 1B/1R translocation chromosome of Slm for more than 5 successive backcross generations with Slm as the recurrent pollen parent. Haploid induction by kotschyi cytoplasm was directly associated with the presence of the 1B/1R chromosome in the egg cell. Some gene(s) on the 1B/1R chromosome induced haploid parthenogenesis gametophytically, although about 50% of the 1B/1R-carrying egg cells of (kotschyi)-Slm died without leaving viable offspring. The preferential transmission of the normal 1B chromosome in (kotschyi)-Slm was due to the parthenogenesis of egg cells carrying the 1B/1R translocation chromosome. 1B/1R homozygotes could be obtained from the diploid partner of n-2n type twin seedlings, which produced haploids (including n-2n twin pairs) at a frequency as high as 70%.

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