International renal‐cell cancer study. IV. Occupation

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Abstract
The relationship between renal‐cell cancer (RCC) and occupation was investigated in an international multicenter population‐based case‐control study. Study centers in Australia, Denmark, Germany, Sweden and the United States interviewed 1732 incident RCC cases and 2309 controls. Significant associations were found with employment in the blast‐furnace or the coke‐oven industry [relative risk (RR), 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–2.7], the iron and steel industry (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2) and exposure to asbestos (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8), cadmium (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0–3.9), dry‐cleaning solvents (RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.7), gasoline (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.0) and other petroleum products (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3–2.1). Asbestos, petroleum products and dry‐cleaning solvents appear to merit further investigation, in view of the relationship between risk and duration of employment or exposure and after adjustment for confounding. There was a negative association between RCC and education, but it was not consistent across all centers. Overall, the results of our multicenter case‐control study suggest that occupation may be more important in the etiology of RCC than indicated by earlier studies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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