Protein dynamics with off-lattice Monte Carlo moves

A Monte Carlo method for dynamics simulation of all-atom protein models is introduced to reach long times not accessible to conventional molecular dynamics. The considered degrees of freedom are the dihedrals at ${\mathrm{C}}_{\alpha }$ atoms. Two Monte Carlo moves are used: single rotations about torsion axes, and cooperative rotations in windows of amide planes, changing the conformation globally and locally, respectively. For local moves Jacobians are used to obtain an unbiased distribution of dihedrals. A molecular dynamics energy function adapted to the protein model is employed. A polypeptide is folded into nativelike structures by local but not by global moves.