Craniofacial anthropometric studies in Waardenburg syndrome type I

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Abstract
A set of 15 surface measurements taken directly from the craniofacial region were determined in 51 patients with Waardenburg syndrome type I (WSI). A roentgencephamometric analysis including 20 linear dimensions was also performed by the use of cephalograms of 28 patients. Pairs between patients and controls of the same sex and age were established for comparison. The head circumference, clivus length and facial depth were smaller in affected individuals. The patients also had narrow nose, marked hypoplasia of the nasal bone, short philtrum, and short and retropositioned maxilla. A discriminant analysis revealed that the inner intercanthal distance, philtrum length, lower facial height and nasal bone length were excellent discriminating parameters of WSI.