Some Viewpoints on the Phylogeny of Rust Fungi. IV. Stem Rust Genealogy

Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
Available evidence indicates that the present-day Puccinia graminis complex is of Asiatic origin. Its present world-wide distribution was obviously reached after an extensive grain-crop cultivation by man. Dominant varities and races are those on grain crops and the present evolutionary trend of these races is toward the differentiation of newly bred improved cultivars of grain crops in different countries. Early ancestors of stem rust were evidently of central Asiatic origin but spread in the Tertiary through the northern hemisphere and migrated later with their barberry hosts to South America. From this group (sept Berberidis) some microcyclic relicts are left in South America and Asia, whereas some further members (sept Phragmitis) have established heteroecism with higher angiosperms. A new system of phylogenetic classification above species level is used in this paper: closely related species are united into a sept, related septs into a clan, clans into kins, and so on, until some conventional subgeneric unit, such as series or subsection, is reached. Descriptions of several new septs, clans, and kins among the stem rust alliance are added, as follows: A. Puccinia clan Longipedicellae, septs: (1) Berberidis, (2) Phragmitis, (3) Culmicoia, B. Puccinia clan Brevipedicellae, septs: (4) Pygmaea, (5) Rubigo-vera.