Conceptual Foundations of Self-Actualization

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Abstract
Humanistic biologists, psychologists, and organismic theorists have made a persuasive case for the presence of an innate growth force within the personality for achieving self-actualization (S-A). Among the S-A theorists, however, little attention has been given to the way in which this organic force is mobilized to achieve direction and expression. A notable exception to this omission is found in the motivation theory of Abraham Maslow. He theorized that progressive gratification through his need hierarchy would lead individuals automatically to explore their higher needs for S-A. Later Maslow came to realize that this was not true; many did not move toward S-A even after all other needs in the hierarchy had been gratified. This discovery necessitates a rethinking of his theory. A crucial element in this theory is that S-A, the highest need in the hierarchy, is the weakest biologically. This characteristic, in addition to the many examples of experience, is essential in achieving our highest possibilities. Such concepts are liberating for they help free us from ego-centered developments and thereby add a significant dimension to our conceptual model for personal growth.

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