Identification of CsrC and Characterization of Its Role in Epithelial Cell Invasion in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

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Abstract
The csr regulatory system of Salmonella regulates the expression of the genes of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) required for the invasion of epithelial cells. This system consists of the posttranscriptional regulator CsrA and an untranslated regulatory RNA, CsrB, that opposes the action of CsrA. Here we identify and characterize the role of a second regulatory RNA, CsrC, whose ortholog was discovered previously in Escherichia coli. We show that a mutant of csrC has only mild defects in invasion and the expression of SPI1 genes, as does a mutant of csrB, but that a double csrB csrC mutant is markedly deficient in these properties, suggesting that the two regulatory RNAs play redundant roles in the control of invasion. We further show that CsrC, like CsrB, is controlled by the BarA/SirA two-component regulator but that a csrB csrC mutant exhibits a loss of invasion equivalent to that of a barA or sirA mutant, indicating that much of the effect of BarA/SirA on invasion functions through its control of CsrB and CsrC. In addition to their control by BarA/SirA, each regulatory RNA is also controlled by other components of the csr system. The loss of csrB was found to increase the level of CsrC by sevenfold, while the loss of csrC increased CsrB by nearly twofold. Similarly, the overexpression of csrA increased CsrC by nearly 11-fold and CsrB by 3-fold and also significantly increased the stability of both RNAs.