Interpretation of Polarimetric Radar Covariance Matrix for Meteorological Scatterers: Theoretical Analysis

Abstract
A simple model of the radar scattering by atmospheric particles is used to interpret all elements of the covariance scattering matrix. The components of the covariance scattering matrix and corresponding polarimetric variables are expressed via a limited number of integral parameters that characterize distributions of sizes, shapes, and orientations of meteorological scatterers. The co–cross-polar correlation coefficients ρxh and ρxυ measured in the horizontal–vertical linear polarization basis are the major focus of this study. It is shown that the magnitudes of both coefficients are almost entirely determined by orientation of particles and do not depend on particle sizes and shapes. The phases of these coefficients can be used to detect the presence of melting hail or wet snow in the radar resolution volume. A model of the mean canting angle of raindrops varying along a propagation path is developed to examine effects of propagation on the depolarization variables such as ρxh, ρxυ, and linear depolarization ratio. Analysis shows that depolarization variables are very sensitive to the mean canting angle averaged over a long propagation path.

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