Athleticism and the reproduction of gender and ethnic marginality

Abstract
Our paper explores the construction of ethnic and gender identities through sport and physical education, arguing that the social attitudes of women and members of ethnic minorities to sport helps to define their marginal position in society. We analyse the literature with respect to ethnicity, gender and sport within the framework of recent ethnographic research, and show how gender and ethnic factors markedly affect attitudes to sport. The wider implications of these attitudes are examined and related to work, unemployment and marginal social status. Attitudes to sport are seen to be significant in establishing attitudes to leisure as a whole, which is discussed in terms of social reproduction and the state. We extend the notion of marginality to take account of the importance of leisure behaviour in explaining and justifying the status of women and ethnic minorities in society.

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