Generalized probabilities taking values in non-Archimedean fields and in topological groups

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Abstract
We develop an analog of probability theory for probabilities taking values in topological groups. We generalize Kolmogorov’s method of axiomatization of probability theory, and the main distinguishing features of frequency probabilities are taken as axioms in the measure-theoretic approach. We also present a survey of non-Kolmogorovian probabilistic models, including models with negative-, complex-, and p-adic-valued probabilities. The last model is discussed in detail. The introduction of probabilities with p-adic values (as well as with more general non-Archimedean values) is one of the main motivations to consider generalized probabilities with values in more general topological groups than the additive group of real numbers. We also discuss applications of non-Kolmogorovian models in physics and cognitive sciences. A part of the paper is devoted to statistical interpretation of probabilities with values in topological groups (in particular, in non-Archimedean fields).
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