CCR9A and CCR9B: Two Receptors for the Chemokine CCL25/TECK/Ckβ-15 That Differ in Their Sensitivities to Ligand

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Abstract
We isolated cDNAs for a chemokine receptor-related protein having the database designation GPR-9-6. Two classes of cDNAs were identified from mRNAs that arose by alternative splicing and that encode receptors that we refer to as CCR9A and CCR9B. CCR9A is predicted to contain 12 additional amino acids at its N terminus as compared with CCR9B. Cells transfected with cDNAs for CCR9A and CCR9B responded to the chemokine CC chemokine ligand 25 (CCL25)/thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK)/chemokine β-15 (CKβ-15) in assays for both calcium flux and chemotaxis. No other chemokines tested produced responses specific for the cDNA-transfected cells. mRNA for CCR9A/B is expressed predominantly in the thymus, coincident with the expression of CCL25, and highest expression for CCR9A/B among thymocyte subsets was found in CD4+CD8+ cells. mRNAs encoding the A and B forms of the receptor were expressed at a ratio of ∼10:1 in immortalized T cell lines, in PBMC, and in diverse populations of thymocytes. The EC50 of CCL25 for CCR9A was lower than that for CCR9B, and CCR9A was desensitized by doses of CCL25 that failed to silence CCR9B. CCR9 is the first example of a chemokine receptor in which alternative mRNA splicing leads to proteins of differing activities, providing a mechanism for extending the range of concentrations over which a cell can respond to increments in the concentration of ligand. The study of CCR9A and CCR9B should enhance our understanding of the role of the chemokine system in T cell biology, particularly during the stages of thymocyte development.